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It is now thought that the first human beings to arrive in what is now England to settle between 475,000 and 425,000 years ago, a period known as the Anglian Ice Age. At this time, 'Britain' was still part of the European landmass, long before the formation of the North Sea or the English Channel. These settlers arrived apparently by walking along the banks of a river now long gone, the River Bytham, named after the archaeological site at Castle Bytham, here in Lincolnshire, where it was first identified.
Apparently, during an excavation at Lincoln, in 1995, a cockroach was found. It was discovered in material dated to the fourth century. This makes it the earliest known cockroach ever to be found in Britain.
'This year [AD 627] was King Edwin baptised at Easter, with all his people, by Paulinus, who also preached baptism in Lindsey, where the first person who believed was a certain rich man, of the name of Blecca [prefect of the city], with all his people.' Bede also wrote that Bishop Paulinus...went on to build a stone church 'of remarkable workmanship'. The church was used by Paulinus for the consecration of Honorius, the fifth Archbishop of Canterbury. But, a century later, Bede's own time, the church was in ruins.
The first ancestor [of the Charles Darwin we all know about] was one William Darwin, who lived, about the year 1500, at Marton, near Gainsborough, in Lincolnshire. His great grandson, Richard Darwyn, inherited land at Marton and elsewhere, and in his will, dated 1584, 'bequeathed the sum of 3s. 4d. towards the settynge up of the Queene's Majestie's armes over the quearie (choir) doore in the parishe churche of Marton.'
The son of this Richard, named William Darwin, and described as 'gentleman', appears to have been a successful man. Whilst retaining his ancestral land at Marton, he acquired through his wife and by purchase an estate at Cleatham, in the parish of Manton, near Kirton Lindsey, and fixed his residence there. This estate remained in the family down to the year 1760. A cottage with thick walls, some fish-ponds and old trees, now alone show where the 'Old Hall' once stood, and a field is still locally known as the "Darwin Charity," from being subject to a charge in favour of the poor of Marton.
The diosese was founded by St. Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, in AD 678, when he removed the Lindiswaras of Lincolnshire from the Diocese of Lindisfarne. The original seat of the bishop was at Sidnacester, now Stow (about eleven miles north-west of Lincoln). The episcopal succession continued for nearly 200 years, till in AD 870 the Vikings burned down the church of St. Mary-at-Stow. For the following 80 years there was no bishop.
About the middle of the tenth century the See of Sidnacester was united to the Mercian See of Leicester, and the bishop’s seat was at Dorchester-on-Thames. But as this was in the far corner of the largest diocese in England, the first Norman bishop, Remigius of Fécamp, -- after the Council of 1072 which ordered all bishops to fix their sees in walled towns -- built his cathedral at Lincoln, a well-populated city.